As France enters the new year, there's little hope that the political and economic uncertainty that's been plaguing Paris for months will disappear in 2025.

Jean-Luc Mélenchon, leader of the radical Left party France Unbowed, has vowed to demand a vote of no-confidence as early as Jan 16, while polls show that nearly half (49 per cent) of French people are in favour of toppling Mr Bayrou’s government as well.

French President Emmanuel Macron said on Tuesday he recognised that his decision to call early parliamentary elections in June had created more political instability in the country, in a rare moment of contrition.